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The Self

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The concept and means of “Self ” in philosophy and psychology.

The concept of The Self” is a complex and multifaceted idea that has been studied by philosophers and psychologists for centuries.

In philosophy, the concept of “Self” is central to many branches of thought, including metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It is often defined as the subject of one’s own experience, or the “I” that perceives, thinks, and acts. Different philosophers have proposed different theories of Self, such as René Descartes’ concept of the “cogito” (the idea that one can be certain of one’s own existence because one is thinking) and Immanuel Kant’s idea of the “transcendental Self” (the self that is necessary for the possibility of experience).

The concept of “Self” refers to an individual’s perception, thoughts, and feelings about themselves. There are different theories of the self in psychology, such as the “looking-glass self” theory proposed by Charles Cooley, which states that one’s self-concept is formed by how others perceive and interact with us, and the “self-schema” theory proposed by Richard Sorrentino and Shelley Taylor, which states that people have a cognitive framework that organizes and guides their perception of themselves and others.

The concept of Self is also a complex and multifaceted idea that has been studied and debated by philosophers and psychologists for centuries. It is often defined as the subject of one’s own experience, or the “I” that perceives, thinks, and acts. Different theories have been proposed to explain the nature and formation of the self.

In philosophy

In philosophy, the concept of self is central to many branches of thought, including metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Different philosophers have proposed different theories of self, such as:

  • René Descartes’ concept of the “cogito” (the idea that one can be certain of one’s own existence because one is thinking)
  • Immanuel Kant’s idea of the “transcendental self” (the self that is necessary for the possibility of experience).
  • John Locke’s theory of the “empirical self” (the self as a bundle of perceptions and experiences)
    David Hume’s theory of the “bundle theory of self” (the self as a collection of constantly changing perceptions)
    Jean-Paul Sartre’s concept of the “existential self” (the self as a free, responsible, and conscious being)
    In psychology, the concept of self refers to an individual’s perception, thoughts, and feelings about themselves. There are different theories of The Self in psychology, such as:
  • The “looking-glass self” theory proposed by Charles Cooley, states that one’s self-concept is formed by how others perceive and interact with us.
  • The “self-schema” theory proposed by Richard Sorrentino and Shelley Taylor, states that people have a cognitive framework that organizes and guides their perception of themselves and others.
  • The “social identity theory” proposed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner, states that people define their self-concept in terms of their membership in social groups.
  • The “self-esteem theory” proposed by Nathaniel Branden, states that people’s self-concept is closely tied to their level of self-esteem and self-worth.


Let’s not forget that there are distinct aspects of self that have been studied such as self-concept, self-esteem, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-perception, self-regulation, self-reflection, self-awareness, and self-transcendence.

BE(YOU)FULL believes that the concept of self is a complex and multifaceted idea that has been studied and debated by philosophers and psychologists for centuries. Different theories have been proposed to explain the nature and formation of The Self and different aspects of The Self have been studied. The concept of self is a central topic in both philosophy and psychology, and it continues to be an area of active research and debate today.

In philosophy, the relationship between The Self and technology

In philosophy, the relationship between The Self and technology has been a topic of debate for centuries. Some philosophers argue that technology has the potential to radically transform our understanding of self and our relationship with the world. For example, Martin Heidegger, in his famous essay “The Question Concerning Technology,” argues that modern technology has the potential to “unframe” our understanding of the world and ourselves, reducing everything to mere resources to be used and manipulated. Other philosophers, such as Bernard Stiegler, argue that technology is not just a tool but also a means of self-formation and that our relationship with technology is a constitutive aspect of human existence.

In psychology, the relationship between self and technology

Some studies have shown that the use of technology can have both positive and negative effects on self-esteem, self-worth, and self-perception. For example, social media use has been linked to increased self-esteem, but also to increased feelings of loneliness and isolation. Other studies have shown that the use of technology can have negative effects on self-regulation and self-control, leading to addiction and other problems.

In summary

The relationship between self and technology is a complex and multifaceted topic that has been studied and debated by philosophers and psychologists for centuries. While technology has the potential to radically transform our understanding of self and our relationship with the world, it also has the potential to have both positive and negative effects on our sense of self and well-being. It is important to be aware of these potential effects and to use technology in a responsible and mindful way.

Categories:   UNDERSTANDING BEHAVIOUR

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